EUROPEAN MYCOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

Keys


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This web page provides information about fungal identification keys. If you have information you would like posted here, please send it to the EMA Webmaster. For each item listed, a hyperlink is provided to its internet site or, where this is not possible, a contact name and address or some other identifying information. Additional explanatory information may then follow. Where the name of the item is not in English, a translation may be provided in italics in square brackets after that information, followed where appropriate by the geographical region to which the item relates, then the principal language of the item and, in alphabetical order, other languages used.

Current update: 2019.08.07


By Region: Antarctica, Asia, Atlantic Ocean, Australasia, Caribbean, Central America, Europe, Global, North America, South America

By Systematic Position: Ascomycota (incl. lichens), Basidiomycota, Chromista, Conidial fungi, Myxomycota, Zygomycota

GLOBAL

Morphing Mushroom Identifier (Mycokey) [English]
DEEMY (DEtermination of EctoMYcorrhizae) [English]

ANTARCTICA
Lichens of Victoria Land [English]

ASIA

General

Lichen Determination Keys: Common Malesian Lichen Genera [English]

China

Key to the Yellow Cetrarioid Lichens in the Tibetan Area [Estonia, English]

Iran

Lichen Determination Keys: Lichens of Iran [English]

Thailand

A key to the parmelioid lichens of northern Thailand [English]

ATLANTIC OCEAN

General

Bestimmungsschlüssel für die Parmeliaceae (Blattflechten) von Laurimacaronesien [Key to the Parmeliaceae (Foliose Lichens) of Macaronesia, German]

AUSTRALASIA

Australia

Key to the Genera of Australian Macrolichens [English]
Key to the Genera of Australian Lichens: Apothecial Crusts [English]
Key to the Genera of Crustose Pyrenocarpous Lichens in Australia [English]

New Zealand

Key to Lophodermium [English]
Key to Rhytismataceae Genera [English]
Rhytismataceae by Host [English]

CARIBBEAN

General

Key and Literature Guide to the Genera of Lichenized Fungi (Lichens) in the Neotropics [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Genera [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Hypotrachyna [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Parmotrema [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Stereocaulon [English]

CENTRAL AMERICA

General

Key and Literature Guide to the Genera of Lichenized Fungi (Lichens) in the Neotropics [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Genera [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Hypotrachyna [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Parmotrema [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Stereocaulon [English]

Costa Rica

Amanita found in the Cordillera Talamanca, Costa Rica, and some other regions of Central America [English]

EUROPE

General
Keys to Cortinarius Subgenus Dermocybe in Nordic Countries [English]
Leccinum Revisited [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Pertusaria in Europe & the Mediterranean [English]

Eire

Key to Parmelia of Great Britain & Ireland [English]

Estonia

The epiphytic macrolichens of Estonia – An illustrated guide [English]

Germany

Key to Inocybe [German]

Italy

Chiave interattiva per l'identificazione dei piu comuni licheni della Provincia di Mantova (interactive key to the common lichens in Mantova province) [Italian]
Chiave semplificata ai piu comuni licheni epifiti del Passo Pura (Alpi Carniche) (simplified key to the common epiphyte lichens in Passo Pura, Carnic Alps) [Italian]

Netherlands

Norway

Key to Mycenas of Norway [English]
Keys to Genera & Species of Caliciales in Norway [English]

Portugal

Materiali per una chiave ai macrolicheni epifiti del Portogallo (key to epiphyte lichens of Portugal) [Italian]

Spain

Los macroliquenes epifitos de Espana. Una guia interactiva (Epiphyte Macrolichens of Spain. An illustrated guide) [Spanish]

UK

British Mycological Society Keys for Macrofungi [English]
Illustrated Guide to Lichens on Twigs [English]
Key to Geoglossum [UK, English]
Key to Parmelia of Great Britain & Ireland [English]

Ukraine

Fungi of Ukraine: Rhytismatales [English]

NORTH AMERICA

General

Amanita Species of Section Phalloideae from North America Having Membranous, Limbate to Saccate Volvas [English]
Ed's E-Key, a User-friendly Point & Click Key to the Mushrooms of North America [English]
Key to North American Armillaria Species [English]
Systematic Studies in Discomycetes: Pezizales [note: keys unavailable, English]

Canada

Draft Keys to Species of Amanita Occurring in California, Idaho, Oregon & Washington USA, and in Neighbouring Regions of Canada and Mexico [English]
Draft Keys to Species of Amanita Occurring in Northeastern USA and Eastern Canada [English]
Key to North American Armillaria species [English]
Key to Collybia Sensu Stricto of the Northeast United States & Canada [English]
Key to Gymnopus of the Northeast United States & Canada [English]
Key to Rhodocollybia of the Northeast United States & Canada [English]
Key to Tricholoma of Québec [English]
Lichens of British Columbia, Illustrated Keys: Part 1 - Foliose and Squamulose Species [English]
Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. in the Pacific Northwest [English]
Lichens of British Columbia, Illustrated Keys: Part 2 - Fruticose Species [English]

Greenland

Key to the Lepraria and Leprocaulon Species in Greenland [Estonia, English]

Mexico

Draft Keys to Species of Amanita Occurring in California, Idaho, Oregon & Washington USA, and in Neighbouring Regions of Canada and Mexico [English]

USA

Draft Keys to Species of Amanita Occurring in California, Idaho, Oregon & Washington USA, and in Neighbouring Regions of Canada and Mexico [English]
Draft Keys to Species of Amanita Occurring in Northeastern USA and Eastern Canada [English]
Fungi of California: a Simplified Key [English]
Simplified Field Key To Maine Macrolichens [USA, English]
Lichen Flora of Eastern North America [English]
Key to the Genera of the Operculate Cup Fungi of the Pacific Northwest & Rocky Mountain Region [English]
Key to Collybia Sensu Stricto of the Northeast United States & Canada [English]
Key to the Genus Ophioparma in Eastern North America [English]
Key to the Genus Parmelia Sensu Stricto in Eastern North America [English]
Key to Gomphillus of Eastern North America [English]
Key to Gymnopus of the Northeast United States & Canada [English]
Key to Lime-loving Lichens of Eastern North America [English]
Key to Rhodocollybia of the Northeast United States & Canada [English]
Key to Morchellaceae [English]
Lichens of the Ozarks: Key to Bacidia, Bacidina, Fellhanera and Some Other Species with a Similar Type of Spores [English]
Lichens of the Ozarks: Key to Protoblastenia [English]
Illustration of Key Morphological Characteristics of Phytophthora Species Identified in Virginia Nursery Irrigation Water [English]
Genus Amanita – World keys by taxonomic group [English]
Trial Key to Helvellaceae of the Pacific Northwest [English]
Synoptic Key to Common Lichens of the Northwest USA [English]
Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. in the Pacific Northwest [English]

SOUTH AMERICA

General

Key and Literature Guide to the Genera of Lichenized Fungi (Lichens) in the Neotropics [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Genera [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Hypotrachyna [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Parmotrema [English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Stereocaulon [English]

Chile

Key to the lichen genus Cladonia (incl. Carassea) in SE Brazil [English]

Chile

Cladoniaceae of Chile [English]

Ecuador

Podetiate Lichens of Highland Ecuador [English]

French Guiana

Identification key and literature guide to the genera of Lichenized Fungi (Lichens) in the Neotropics [English]

Guyana

Key to the Lichen Genera of the Guianas [English]

Surinam

Key to the Lichen Genera of the Guianas [English]

ASCOMYCOTA (including lichens)

General, Arthoniales, Caliciales, Helotiales, Hypocreales, Lecanorales, Microthyriales, Pertusariales, Pezizales, Pleosporales, Rhytismatales, Sordariales, Teloschistales, Trichotheliales, Xylariales, Incertae Sedis

General

Lichen Key Archive [English]
Simplified Field Key To Maine Macrolichens [USA, English]
Illustrated Guide to Lichens on Twigs [UK, English]
Key and Literature Guide to the Genera of Lichenized Fungi (Lichens) in the Neotropics [Germany, English]
Key to Foliicolous Lichens and their Lichenicolous Fungi [Germany, English]
Lichens Interactive Keys [Estonia, English]
Key to the Lichen Genera of the Guianas [Germany, English]
Key to Lime-loving Lichens of Eastern North America [USA, English]
Lichen Determination Keys Available on the Internet [Germany, English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Common Malesian Lichen Genera [Germany, English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Lichens of Iran [Germany, English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Genera [Germany, English]
Lichens of British Columbia, Illustrated Keys: Part 1, Foliose and Squamulose Species [Canada, English]
Podetiate Lichens of Highland Ecuador [Germany, English]
Synoptic Key to Common Lichens of the Northwest USA [USA, English]

Arthoniales

Key to Foliicolous Species of the Genus Arthonia [Germany, English]

Caliciales

Keys to Genera & Species of Caliciales in Norway [USA, English]
A Preliminary Key to Calicioid Lichens and Fungi in the Pacific Northwest [English]

Erysiphales

Key to the Genera of Powdery Mildew Fungi [USA, English]

Helotiales

Key to Geoglossum [UK, English]
Synoptic Keys to the Sclerotiniaceae & Rutstroemiaceae in Nordic Countries [Norway, English]

Hypocreales

Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae & Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes) [USA, English] There is a 2013 update

Lecanorales

Bestimmungsschlüssel für die Parmeliaceae (Blattflechten) von Laurimacaronesien [Key to the Parmeliaceae (Foliose Lichens) of Macaronesia, Germany, German]
Key to Allocetraria Species [Estonia, English]
Key to Nephromopsis Species [Estonia, English]
Cladoniaceae of Chile [Germany, English]
Key to the Usnea Species in Europe [Estonia, English] (also translated to Italian
Key to the Usnea Species in the Baltic Countries [Estonia, English]
Key to the Genus Ophioparma in Eastern North America [USA, English]
Key to the Genus Parmelia Sensu Stricto in Eastern North America [USA, English]
Key to the Lepraria and Leprocaulon Species in Greenland [Estonia, English]
Key to the lichen genus Cladonia (incl. Carassea) in SE Brazil [Estonia, English]
ID Keys, The British Lichen Society [UK, English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Hyperphyscia [Germany, English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Hypotrachyna [Germany, English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Parmotrema [Germany, English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Neotropical Stereocaulon [Germany, English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Relicina [Germany, English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Tropical Corticolous Buellia [Germany, English]
Lichens of the Ozarks: Key to Bacidia, Bacidina, Fellhanera and Some Other Species with a Similar Type of Spores [USA, English]
Lichens of the Ozarks: Key to Protoblastenia [USA, English]

Pertusariales

Lichen Determination Keys: Megalosporaceae [Germany, English]
Lichen Determination Keys: Pertusaria in Europe & the Mediterranean [Germany, English]

Pezizales
Key to the Genera of the Operculate Cup Fungi of the Pacific Northwest & Rocky Mountain Region [USA, English]
Key to Morchellaceae [USA, English]
Systematic Studies in Discomycetes: Pezizales [USA, English]
Trial Key to Helvellaceae of the Pacific Northwest [USA, English]
TuberKey, an Interactive Key for Identification of Truffles [Italy, English, Italian]

Rhytismatales

Fungi of Ukraine: Rhytismatales [UK, English]
Key to Lophodermium [New Zealand, English]
Key to Rhytismataceae Genera [New Zealand, English]
Rhytismataceae by Host [New Zealand, English]

Sordariales

Lasiosphaeriaceae: Keys to Genera [USA, English]

Teloschistales

Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. in the Pacific Northwest [English]

Trichotheliales

Foliicolous Species of the Genus Porina [Germany, English]

Xylariales

Home of the Xylariaceae [USA, English]
Synoptic Key to Hypoxylon Taxa [France, English]

Incertae Sedis

Key to Gomphillus of Eastern North America [USA, English]

BASIDIOMYCOTA

Agaricales, Boletales, Botryobasidiales, Cantharellales, Cortinariales, General, Hymenochaetales, Russulales, Thelephorales, Tilletiales, Tremellales, Uredinales

General

Norske Poresopper [Nordic Polypores, Norway, Norwegian]

Agaricales

Amanitaceae Keys, Checklists, & some Illustrations in Institutional Collections [English]
Amanita Species of Section Phalloideae from North America Having Membranous, Limbate to Saccate Volvas [USA, English]
Provisional World Key to Species Close to Amanita hemibapha with Notes on the Slender Caesar's Mushrooms of Eastern North America [English]
Key to North American Armillaria species [English]
Coprinus: Studies in Coprinus - Keys to Subsections & Species in Coprinus [note: not updated Netherlands/Poland, English]
Draft Keys to Amanitaceae of Costa Rica & Neighbouring Regions [USA, English]
Draft Keys to Species of Amanita Occurring in California, Idaho, Oregon & Washington USA, and in Neighbouring Regions of Canada and Mexico [USA, English]
Draft Keys to Species of Amanita Occurring in Northeastern USA and Eastern Canada [USA, English]
Ed's E-Key, a User-friendly Point & Click Key to the Mushrooms of North America [USA, English]
Key to Collybia Sensu Stricto of the Northeast United States & Canada [USA, English]
Key to Gymnopus of the Northeast United States & Canada [USA, English]
Key to Inocybe [Germany, German]
A Key to the Mycenas of Norway and keys by Section [Norway, English]
Key to North American Armillaria Species [USA, English]
Key to Paxillus [Germany, German]
Key to Pholiota [Germany, German]
Key to Rhodocollybia of the Northeast United States & Canada [USA, English]
Key to the Taxa of Flammulina in Europe [English]
Clé des Tricholomes du Québec [Key to Tricholoma of Québec Canada, French]
Keys to Amanita [USA, English]
Keys to Coprinus [note: archived copy, not updated; Netherlands/Poland, English]
The Mushroom Place, Experimental Mushroom Numerical Key: Agarics [USA, English]
Provisional Key to Amanita Stirps Crocea, Amanita Stirps Fulva, and Amanita Stirps Romagnesiana [USA, English]
Provisional World Key to Species Close to Amanita hemibapha with Notes on the Slender Caesar's Mushrooms of Eastern North America [USA, English]
Tabular & Non-tabular Keys to Rubescent Species of Amanita Section Validae [USA, English]
A Visual Key to the Sections of Amanita [USA, English]

Boletales

Leccinum Revisited [UK, English]

Botryobasidiales

Keys for the Teleomorphs and Anamorphs of Botryobasidium [Germany, English]

Cantharellales

Cortinariales

Keys to Cortinarius Subgenus Dermocybe in Nordic Countries [Norway, English]

Hymenochaetales

Key to Species of Hyphodontia, Hyphodontiella, Schizopora, Echinoporia [Germany, English]

Russulales

Key to Lactarius in North America [USA, English]

Thelephorales

Tomentella und Verwandte Gattungen [Tomentella and Related Genera, Germany, German/English]

CHROMISTA

Identification of Common Phytophthora Species Using a Lucid Key [English]
Illustration of Key Morphological Characteristics of Phytophthora Species Identified in Virginia Nursery Irrigation Water [English]

CONIDIAL FUNGI

Key to the Fungi of the Genus Ascochyta [Germany, English]
Simplified Fungi Identification Key

MYXOMYCOTA

Echinosteliales (Myxomycetes): an INTKEY Package for Interactive, Illustrated Identification & Information Retrieval [Spain, English]
Mycetozoa GSMNP identification guide [USA, English]

ZYGOMYCOTA

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Species Descriptions from Reference Cultures by INVAM [USA, English]
AMF Phylogeny
Janusz Blaszkowski's website on Glomeromycota, Endogone and Complexipes


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